THE CHAPTER TITLES ARE LINKS TO THE CHAPTER REFERENCE SECTION

Table of contents

DOCTORS NOTE

  1. Burry HC, Gowland H. Cervical injury in rugby football—a New Zealand survey. Br J Sports Med. 1981 Mar;15(1):56- 9.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1859087/
  2. Freitag A1, Kirkwood G1, Scharer S1, Ofori-Asenso R1, Pollock AM1. Systematic review of rugby injuries in children and adolescents under 21 years. Br J Sports Med. 2015 Apr;49(8):511-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093684. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25564004

INTRODUCTION – REFERENCES

  1. Atasoy E1 Thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996 Apr;27(2):265-303.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614579
  2. Roos DB. Thoracic outlet syndrome is underdiagnosed. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Jan;22(1):126-9; discussion 137-8.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9883869
  3. Wilbourn AJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome is overdiagnosed. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Jan;22(1):130-6; discussion 136-7.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9883870
  4. Wilbourn AJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome is overdiagnosed. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Jan;22(1):130-6; discussion 136-7.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9883870/
  5. Kaufman MH. Anatomy training for surgeons – a personal viewpoint. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1997;42:215–6.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9276550
  6. Shaffer K. Teaching anatomy in the digital world. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1279–82.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385652
  7. Older J. Anatomy: a must for teaching the next generation. Surgeon. 2004;2:79–90.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15568432
  8. The rise and fall of anatomy. BMJ Career Focus. 2005;330:255–6.
  9. Heylings DJA. Anatomy 1999–2000: the curriculum who teaches it and how. Med Educ. 2002;36:702–10.
    Full Text Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12191052
    Full Text Link https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01272.x
  10. WaterstonSW,StewartIJ.Surveyofclinicians’attitudestotheanatomicalteachingandknowledgeofmedical students. Clin Anat. 2005;18:380–4.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971223
  11. McKeown PP, Heylings DJ, Stevenson M, McKelvey KJ, Nixon JR, McCluskey DR. The impact of curricular change on medical students’ knowledge of anatomy. Med Educ. 2003;37:954–61.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629407
  12. Prince KJ, Scherpbier AJ, van Mameren H, Drukker J, van der Vleuten CP. Do students have sufficient knowledge of clinical anatomy? Med Educ. 2005;39:326–32.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15733169

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CHAPTER 1 – REFERENCES

  1. Atasoy E. Thoracic outlet compression syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996;27:265–303
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614579
  2. Cooper, B. Travers (Eds.), Surgical essays, Longman, London (1821), p. 128
  3. Coote H. Pressure on the axillary vessels and nerves by an exostosis from a cervical rib; interference with the circulation of the arm; removal of the rib and exostosis, recovery. Med Times Gaz. 1861;2:108.
  4. Roos DB. Historical perspectives and anatomic considerations. thoracic outlet syndrome. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;8:183–9.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8672572
  5. Ranney D. Thoracic outlet: an anatomical redefinition that makes clinical sense. Clin Anat. 1996;9(1):50-2.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8838281
  6. Turney BW1. Anatomy in a modern medical curriculum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007 Mar;89(2):104-7.
    Full Free http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1308/003588407X168244
  7. Kaufman MH. Anatomy training for surgeons–a personal viewpoint. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1997 Aug;42(4):215-6.
    Abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9276550
  8. Shaffer K1. Teaching anatomy in the digital world. N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 23;351(13):1279-81.
    Abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385652
  9. Older J1. Anatomy: a must for teaching the next generation Surgeon. 2004 Apr;2(2):79-90.
    Abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15568432
  10. The rise and fall of anatomy. BMJ Career Focus. 2005;330:255–6.
  11. Heylings DJ1. Anatomy 1999-2000: the curriculum, who teaches it and how? Med Educ. 2002 Aug;36(8):702-10.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12191052
  12. Waterston SW1, Stewart IJ. Survey of clinicians’ attitudes to the anatomical teaching and knowledge of medical students. Clin Anat. 2005 Jul;18(5):380-4.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15971223
  13. McKeown PP1, Heylings DJ, Stevenson M, McKelvey KJ, Nixon JR, McCluskey DR. The impact of curricular change on medical students’ knowledge of anatomy. Med Educ. 2003 Nov;37(11):954-61.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629407
  14. Prince KJ1, Scherpbier AJ, van Mameren H, Drukker J, van der Vleuten CP. Do students have sufficient knowledge of clinical anatomy? Med Educ. 2005 Mar;39(3):326-32.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15733169
  15. MayoClinicWebSite http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-outlet-syndrome/home/ovc-20237878
  16. Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/thoracic-outlet-syndrome
  17. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) web site https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Thoracic-Outlet-Syndrome-Information-Page

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CHAPTER 2 – REFERENCES

  1. Ellis H. Medico-legal litigation and its links with surgical anatomy. Surgery. 2002;20:i–ii.
    Full Text Link http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263931906702496
  2. Borelli J. A. 1680. On the movement of animals (De Motu Animalium, Pars prima) (Maquet P., translator. transl. 1989), p. 152 Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  3. Borelli G. De motu animalium. vol. 1. Lugduni; Leiden, The Netherlands: 1685.
  4. Geyer H., Seyfarth A., Blickhan R. 2006. Compliant leg behaviour explains basic dynamics of walking and running. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2861–2867 (doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3637)10.1098/rspb.2006.3637
    Abstract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17015312
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664632/
  5. Lieberman DE1, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, Daoud AI, D’Andrea S, Davis IS, Mang’eni RO, Pitsiladis Y. Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):531-5. doi: 1038/nature08723.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20111000
  6. Blickhan R. 1989. The spring–mass model for running and hopping. J. Biomech. 22, 1217–1227 (doi:10.1016/0021- 9290(89)90224-8)10.1016/0021-9290(89)90224-8
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2625422
  7. McMahon T. A., Cheng G. C. 1990. The mechanics of running: how does stiffness couple with speed? J. Biomech. 23(Suppl 1), 65–78
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2081746
  8. Srinivasan M. Fifteen observations on the structure of energy-minimizing gaits in many simple biped models. J R Soc Interface. 2011 Jan 6;8(54):74-98. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2009.0544. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542957
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024815/
  9. Farley C. T., Glasheen J., McMahon T. A. 1993. Running springs: speed and animal size. J. Exp. Biol. 185, 71–86.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8294853
    Full text link http://jeb.biologists.org/content/185/1/71.long
  10. Alexander RM.. 1992. A model of bipedal locomotion on compliant legs. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 338, 189–198 (doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0138)10.1098/rstb.1992.0138
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1360684
  11. Blickhan R., Full R. J. 1993. Similarity in multilegged locomotion: bouncing like a monopode. J. Comp. Physiol. A 173, 509–517. (no link)
  12. Farley C. T., Glasheen J., McMahon T. A. 1993. Running springs: speed and animal size. J. Exp. Biol. 185, 71–86.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8294853
    Full text link http://jeb.biologists.org/content/185/1/71.long
  13. Alexander R. McN. Elastic Mechanisms in Animal Movement. Cambridge, UK; Ca,bridge University Press pp 30 – 50 1988
  14. Zelik KE1, Kuo AD. Human walking isn’t all hard work: evidence of soft tissue contributions to energy dissipation and return. J Exp Biol. 2010 Dec 15;213(Pt 24):4257-64. doi: 10.1242/jeb.044297.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21113007
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992466/
  15. Fukunaga T1, Kubo K, Kawakami Y, Fukashiro S, Kanehisa H, Maganaris CN. In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking. Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Feb 7;268(1464):229-33.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11217891?dopt=Abstract
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/11217891/
  16. A. Cavagna, F. P. Saibene, R. Margaria, Mechanical work in running J. Appl. Phys. 19, 249 (1964);
    http://jap.physiology.org/content/19/2/249
  17. C. Heglund, M. A. Fedak, C. R. Taylor, G. A. Cavagna, Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. IV. Total mechanical energy changes as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammalsJ. Exp. Biol. 97, 57 (1982).
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7086351
    Full text link http://jeb.biologists.org/content/97/1/57.long
  18. Smeathers JE. Transient vibrations caused by heel strike. Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 1989;203(4):181-6.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2701953

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CHAPTER 3 – REFERENCES

  1. Football Physics: The Science of the Game, Timmothy Gay, Rodale Books, Emmaus, PA (2004)
  2. O’Sullivan, S. B. (2007). Examination of motor function: Motor control and motor learning. In S. B. O’Sullivan, & T. J. Schmitz (Eds), Physical rehabilitation (5th ed.) (pp. 233-234). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: F. A. Davis Company.
  3. Fukunaga T1, Kubo K, Kawakami Y, Fukashiro S, Kanehisa H, Maganaris CN. In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking. Proc Biol Sci. 2001 Feb 7;268(1464):229-33.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11217891
    Full text link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088596/
    Full text link http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/268/1464/229.long
  4. C. Heglund, M. A. Fedak, C. R. Taylor, G. A. Cavagna, Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. IV. Total mechanical energy changes as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammalsJ. Exp. Biol. 97, 57 (1982).
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7086351
  5. A. Cavagna, F. P. Saibene, R. Margaria, Mechanical work in running J. Appl. Phys. 19, 249 (1964);
    http://jap.physiology.org/content/19/2/249
  6. Wang LI. The kinetics and stiffness characteristics of the lower extremity in older adults during vertical jumping. J Sports Sci Med. 2008 Sep 1;7(3):379-86. eCollection 2008.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149906
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761894/
  7. Yoon S., Tauchi K., Takamatsu K. (2007) Effect of ankle joint stiffness during eccentric phase in rebound jumps on ankle joint torque at midpoint. International Journal of Sports Medicine 28, 66-71.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17024641
  8. Butler RJ1, Crowell HP 3rd, Davis IM. Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2003 Jul;18(6):511-7.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12828900
  9. Flanagan EP1, Harrison AJ. Muscle dynamics differences between legs in healthy adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2007 Feb;21(1):67-72.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17313262
  10. Granata K.P., Padua D.A., Wilson S.E. (2002) Gender differences in active musculoskeletal stiffness. Part II. Quantification of leg stiffness during functional hopping tasks. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 12, 127-135.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11955985
  11. Kuitunen S1, Kyröläinen H, Avela J, Komi PV. (2007) Leg stiffness modulation during exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 17, 67-75.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17305941

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CHAPTER 4 – REFERENCES

  1. Baylor Heart and Vascular Hospital web site
    Full text link http://www.baylorhearthospital.com/Vascular-Surgery.html
  2. Johns Hopkins Hospital website
    Full text link http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/conditions_treatments/conditions/ thoracic_outlet_syndrome.html
  3. Washington University School of Medicine website
    Full text link http://tos.wustl.edu/For-Patients/Neurogenic-TOS
  4. My How You’ve Grown! February 26th, 2004,
    http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/F_How_Youve_Grown_5-8.html
  5. Kim OJ. Sir Charles Sherrington’s the integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation. Brain. 2007 Apr;130(Pt 4):887-94.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17438014
  6. Rudolph Magnus, Physiology of Posture, Delivered at the University of Edinburgh, The Lancet, September 11, 1926, pages 531-536, and September 18, 1926, pages 585-588.
    Full text link http://alexander.area24.net/RudolfMagnus-PhysiologyOfPosture.htm
  7. Bastian HC.. The “muscular sense”: Its nature and localisation. Brain 10: 1-136, 1888.
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    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2259825/
  8. Edwards J. The importance of postural habits in perpetuating myofascial trigger point pain. Acupunct Med. 2005 Jun;23(2):77-82.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16025788
  9. Bastian HC.. The “muscular sense”: Its nature and localisation. Brain 10: 1-136, 1888.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20745508
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  10. Hulliger M. The mammalian muscle spindle and its central control. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 101: 1-110, 1984a.
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  11. Proske U, Gregory JE. Signalling properties of muscle spindles and tendon organs. Adv Exp Med Biol 508: 5-12, 2002.
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  12. JohanssonH, Sjolander P, Sojka P. Receptors in the knee joint ligaments and their role in the biomechanics of the joint. CRC Crit Rev Biomed Eng 18: 341-368, 1991
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  13. ZehrEP,SteinRB.Whatfunctionsdoreflexesserveduringhumanlocomotion?ProgressinNeurobiology58:185- 205, 1999
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10338359
  14. Allum JH, Oude Nijhuis LB, Carpenter MG. Differences in coding provided by proprioceptive and vestibular sensory signals may contribute to lateral instability in vestibular loss subjects. Exp Brain Res 184: 391- 410, 2008.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17849108
  15. Day BL, Fitzpatrick RC. The vestibular system. Curr Biol 15: R583-R586, 2005
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  16. St George RJ, Fitzpatrick RC. The sense of self-motion, orientation and balance explored by vestibular stimulation. J Physiol 589: 807-813, 2011.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20921198
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060360/
  17. Milana Mileusnic, Gerald E. Loeb A MODEL OF THE MAMMALIAN MUSCLE SPINDLE Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering (http://ami.usc.edu) Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
    http://www.jsnc.caltech.edu/2004/abstracts/mileusnic.pdf
  18. Barker D, Ip MC, AdalMN. A correlation between the receptor population of the cat’s soleus muscle and the afferent fibre diameter spectrum of the nerve supplying it. In: Barker D, editor. Symposium on Muscle Receptors.HongKong: HongKong University Press, 1962, pp. 257-261. (Book)
  19. Hulliger M.. The mammalian muscle spindle and its central control. [Review]. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 101: 1-110, 1984b.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6240757
  20. Johansson RS, Vallbo AB. Tactile sensibility in the human hand: Relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin. J Physiol (Lond) 286: 283-300, 1979.
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  21. Voss H.. Tabelle der absoluten und relativen Muskelspindelzahlen der menschlichen Skelettmuskulatur. Anatomische Anzeiger [Article in German] [Tabulation of the absolute and relative muscular spindle numbers in human skeletal musculature] 129: 5562- 5572, 1971.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4260484
  22. Bruenech JR1, Ruskell GL.. 2001. Muscle spindles in extraocular muscles of human infants. Cells Tissues Organs. 2001;169(4):388-94.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11490118
  23. Emonet-Denand F, Jami L, Laporte Y. Skeleto-fusimotor axons in the hind-limb muscles of the cat. J Physiol 249: 153-166, 1975 [PubMed}
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  24. Collins DF, Prochazka A. Movement illusions evoked by ensemble cutaneous input from the dorsum of the human hand. J Physiol 496(Pt 3): 857-871, 1996. [PubMed]
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  25. Kinesthesia:Rolesforafferentsignalsandmotorcommands.In:RowellL,SheperdJT,editors. Handbook of Physiology. Section 12. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. New York: American Physiological Society, 1996, pp. 128-172. [Handbook]
  26. Riemann BL, Guskiewicz KM. Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control in Joint Stability. Champaign-Urbana, Ill: Human Kinetics Inc; 2000 (no link)
  27. GolgiC(1878)Intornoalladistribuzioneeterminazionedeinervineitendinidell’uomoedialtrivertebrati.RendR Ist Lomb Sci Lett B11:445-453.
  28. Merskey and N. Bogduk “Part III: Pain Terms, A Current List with Definitions and Notes on Usage” (pp 209- 214) Classification of Chronic Pain, Second Edition, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, ed, IASP Press, Seattle, ©1994. (http://www.iasp-pain.org /Taxonomy)
  29. Pearson KG. Generating the walking gait: role of sensory feedback. Prog Brain Res 143: 123–129, 2004.
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  30. Prochazka A. Muscle spindle function during normal movement. Int Rev Physiol. 1981;25:47-90.
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  31. Prochazka A, Ellaway P. Sensory systems in the control of movement Compr Physiol. 2012 Oct;2(4):2615-27. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c100086.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23720260

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CHAPTER 5 – REFERENCES

  1. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Sep;18(3):132-8. doi: 10.1179/10 6698110X12640740712338.
  2. Harden RN1, Bruehl SP, Gass S, Niemiec C, Barbick B. Signs and symptoms of the myofascial pain syndrome: a national survey of pain management providers. Clin. J. Pain. 2000;16:64–72
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  3. Gerwin RD1, Dommerholt J, Shah JP. An expansion of Simons’ integrated hypothesis of trigger point formation. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004 Dec;8(6):468-75.
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  4. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004 Feb;14(1):95-107.
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  5. Wheeler AH. Myofascial pain disorders: theory to therapy. Drugs. 2004;64(1):45-62.
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  6. Courtine G1, De Nunzio AM, Schmid M, Beretta MV, Schieppati M. Stance- and locomotion-dependent processing of vibration-induced proprioceptive inflow from multiple muscles in humans. J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):772-9. Epub 2006 Oct 25.
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    Full text link http://jn.physiology.org/content/97/1/772
  7. Sikdar S1, Shah JP, Gebreab T, Yen RH, Gilliams E, Danoff J, Gerber LH. Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Nov;90(11):1829-38. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.015.
    Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19887205
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  8. Ge HY1, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Yue SW. Myofascial trigger points: spontaneous electrical activity and its consequences for pain induction and propagation. Chin Med. 2011 Mar 25;6:13. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-13.
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  9. Ge HY1, Zhang Y, Boudreau S, Yue SW, Arendt-Nielsen L. Induction of muscle cramps by nociceptive stimulation of latent myofascial trigger points. Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jun;187(4):623-9. doi: 10.1007/s00221-008-1331-y. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317742/
  10. Wheeler AH. Myofascial pain disorders: theory to therapy. Drugs. 2004;64(1):45-62.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14723558
  11. Banks RW, Barker D. The muscle spindle. In: Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C editor. Myology. 3rd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division; 2004;p. 489–509
  12. PartanenJV1,OjalaTA,ArokoskiJP. Myofascialsyndromeandpain:Aneurophysiologicalapproach. Pathophysiology. 2010 Feb;17(1):19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.05.001. Epub 2009 Jun 4.
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500953
  13. Ge HY1, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Yue SW. Myofascial trigger points: spontaneous electrical activity and its consequences for pain induction and propagation. Chin Med. 2011 Mar 25;6:13. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-13.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439050
    Full text link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070691/
  14. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004 Feb;14(1):95-107.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14759755
  15. Anthony Field, Greg Truman How I Got MY Wiggle Back, Wiley, HarperCOllins 2012
  16. HardenRN1,BruehlSP,GassS,NiemiecC,BarbickB.Signsandsymptomsofthemyofascialpainsyndrome:a national survey of pain management providers. Clin. J. Pain. 2000;16:64–72
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741820
  17. Spadliński Ł1, Cecot T2, Majos A3, Stefańczyk L4, Pietruszewska W5, Wysiadecki G6, Topol M6, Polguj M1. The Epidemiological, Morphological, and Clinical Aspects of the Cervical Ribs in Humans Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:8034613. Epub 2016 Nov 15.
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  18. Viertel VG1, Intrapiromkul J, Maluf F, Patel NV, Zheng W, Alluwaimi F, Walden MJ, Belzberg A, Yousem DM. Cervical ribs: a common variant overlooked in CT imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Dec;33(11):2191-4. doi: 10.3174/ ajnr.A3143. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22790240
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CHAPTER 8 – REFERENCES

  1. Matsumoto M1, Okada E, Ichihara D, Watanabe K, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Fujiwara H, Momoshima S, Nishiwaki Y, Hashimoto T, Takahata T. Age-related changes of thoracic and cervical intervertebral discs in asymptomatic subjects. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jun 15;35(14):1359-64. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c17067.
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  2. Matsumoto M1, Fujimura Y, Suzuki N, Nishi Y, Nakamura M, Yabe Y, Shiga H. MRI of cervical intervertebral discs in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998 Jan;80(1):19-24.
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  3. Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, Moffit BJ, Vinuela FV, Wilson GM, Bentson JR, Hanafee WN. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging. Radiology. 1987 Jul;164(1):83-8.
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  6. Tubbs RS, Muhleman M, Miller J, Shoja MM, Loukas M, Wellons JC, Oakes WJ. Cervical ribs with neurological sequelae in children: a case series. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012 Apr;28(4):605-8. doi: 10.1007/s00381-011-1608-5. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
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CHAPTER 9 – REFERENCES

  1. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Sep;18(3):132-8. doi: 10.1179/10 6698110X12640740712338.
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  2. Cherington M, Cherington C. Thoracic outlet syndrome: reimbursement patterns and patient profiles. Neurology. 1992 May;42(5):943-5.
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  3. Sandra G. Boodman Misdiagnosis is more common than drug errors or wrong-site surgery, May 6, 2013
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  4. Brennan TA1, Leape LL. Adverse events, negligence in hospitalized patients: results from the Harvard Medical Practice Study Perspect Healthc Risk Manage. 1991 Spring;11(2):2-8.
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  5. Mercola One in Six Patients Report Getting Wrong Diagnosis September 29, 2010
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CHAPTER 10 – REFERENCES

  1. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Sep;18(3):132-8. doi: 10.1179/10 6698110X12640740712338.
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    Full Text Link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109687/
  2. Brismée JM, Phelps V, Sizer PS. Differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic neck and upper trapezius pain and upper extremity paresthesia: a case study involving the management of an elevated first rib and uncovertebral joint dysfunction. J Man Manip Ther 2005;13:79–90.
  3. Novak CB, Collins ED, Mackinnon SE. Outcome following conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 1995;20(4):542–548. doi: 10.1016/S0363-5023(05)80264-3.
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  4. Mackinnon SE, Novak CB. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Probl Surg. 2002 Nov;39(11):1070-145.
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  5. Taskaynatan MA, Balaban B, Yasar E, Ozgul A, Kalyon TA. Cervical traction in conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Musculoskeletal Pain 2007;15:89–94.
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  6. Crosby C.A., Webbe M.A. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Hand Clin. 2004 Feb;20(1):43-9, vi.
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  7. Lee GW, Kwon YH, Jeong JH, Kim JW. The efficacy of scalene injection in thoracic outlet syndrome. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Jul;50(1):36-9. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2011.50.1.36. Epub 2011 Jul 31.
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  8. Atasoy E. History of thoracic outlet syndrome. Hand Clin. 2004;20:15–16.
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  9. Jordan SE, Machleder HI. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome using electrophysiologically guided anterior scalene blocks. Ann Vasc Surg. 1998;12:260–264.
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  10. Hameroff SR, Crago BR, Blitt CD, Womble J, Kanel J. Comparison of bupivacaine, etidocaine, and saline for trigger- point therapy. Anesth Analg. 1981 Oct;60(10):752-5.
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  11. Zhou JY1, Wang D. An update on botulinum toxin a injections of trigger points for myofascial pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2014 Jan;18(1):386. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0386-z.
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  12. Finlayson HC1, O’Connor RJ, Brasher PM, Travlos A. Botulinum toxin injection for management of thoracic outlet syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pain. 2011 Sep;152(9):2023-8. doi: 10.1016/j. pain.2011.04.027. Epub 2011 May 31.
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  13. (Franklin GM1. Work-Related Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Aug;26(3):551-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.04.004. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
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  14. Povlsen B1, Hansson T, Povlsen SD. Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 26;(11):CD007218. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007218.pub3.
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  29. Urschel HC, Jr, Patel AN. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for paget-schroetter syndrome: 50 years’ experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;86:254–60; discussion 260.
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  30. Azakie A, McElhinney DB, Thompson RW, Raven RB, Messina LM, Stoney RJ. Surgical management of subclavian- vein effort thrombosis as a result of thoracic outlet compression. J Vasc Surg 1998;28:777–86.
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  31. de León R, Chang D C, Busse C, Call D, Freischlag J A. First rib resection and scalenectomy for chronically occluded subclavian veins: what does it really do? Ann Vasc Surg. 2008;22(3):395–401.
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  32. GrunwaldMR,HofmannLV.Comparisonofurokinase,alteplase,andreteplaseforcatheter-directedthrombolysisof deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004;15:347–52
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  33. Zell L, Kindermann W, Marschall F, Scheffler P, Gross J, Buchter A. Paget-Schroetter syndrome in sports activities– case study and literature review. Angiology. 2001 May;52(5):337-42.
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  34. Illig KA, Doyle AJ. A comprehensive review of Paget-Schroetter syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010;51:1538–47.
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  35. Lee WA1, Hill BB, Harris EJ Jr, Semba CP, Olcott C IV. Surgical intervention is not required for all patients with subclavian vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Jul;32(1):57-67.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10876207
    Full Text Link http://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(00)99273-5/fulltext

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CHAPTER 13 – REFERENCES

  1. NINDS Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Information Page, Last Modified December 28,
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  2. Robert W. Thompson, MD Challenges in the Treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Tex Heart Inst J. 2012; 39(6): 842–843.
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  3. Sucher BM. Thoracic outlet syndrome–a myofascial variant: Part 2. Treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1990 Sep;90(9):810-2, 817-23.
  4. Kenny RA, Traynor GB, Withington D, Keegan DJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A useful exercize treatment option. Am J Surg. 1993;165:282–4.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8427413
  5. Wehbe MA, Leinberry CF. Current trends in treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Hand Clin. 2004;20:119–21.
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  6. Cambron JA1, Dexheimer J, Coe P. Changes in blood pressure after various forms of therapeutic massage: a preliminary study. J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):65-70.
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  7. Travell JG, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual: The Upper Extremities. Vol.1 . Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins;1983
  8. Gerwin RD1, Dommerholt J, Shah JP. An expansion of Simons’ integrated hypothesis of trigger point formation. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004 Dec;8(6):468-75.
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  9. Broadbent S1, Rousseau JJ, Thorp RM, Choate SL, Jackson FS, Rowlands DS. Vibration therapy reduces plasma IL6 and muscle soreness after downhill running. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Sep;44(12):888-94. doi: 10.1136/ bjsm.2008.052100. Epub 2008 Sep 23.
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  10. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: Focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev 88: 1379-1406, 2008.
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    Full Text Link https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physrev.90100.2007
  11. Febbraio MA1, Pedersen BK. Contraction-induced myokine production and release: is skeletal muscle an endocrine organ? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2005 Jul;33(3):114-9.
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  12. Maini RN1, Taylor PC, Szechinski J, Pavelka K, Bröll J, Balint G, Emery P, Raemen F, Petersen J, Smolen J, Thomson D, Kishimoto T; CHARISMA Study Group Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in European patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an incomplete response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Sep;54(9):2817-29.
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  13. Chargé SB1, Rudnicki MA. Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. Physiol Rev. 2004 Jan;84(1):209-38.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715915
  14. Bodes-Pardo G1, Pecos-Martín D, Gallego-Izquierdo T, Salom-Moreno J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Ortega-Santiago R. Manual treatment for cervicogenic headache and active trigger point in the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013 Sep;36(7):403-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2013.05.022. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
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  15. Lindgren KA. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: a 2-year follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Apr;78(4):373-8.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9111456/
  16. Brismée JM, Phelps V, Sizer PS. Differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic neck and upper trapezius pain and upper extremity paresthesia: a case study involving the management of an elevated first rib and uncovertebral joint dysfunction. J Man Manip Ther 2005;13:79–90.
    Full Text Link https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/106698105790825003
  17. Dobrusin R. An osteopathic approach to conservative management of thoracic outlet syndromes. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1989;89:1046–50, 1053–7.
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  18. Smith KF. The thoracic outlet syndrome: a protocol of treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1979;1:89–99.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18810186
  19. Ketola R, Toivonen R, Ha ̈kka ̈nen M, et al. Effects of ergonomic intervention in work with video display units. Scand J Work Environ Health 2002;28:18–24.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11871848
  20. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Sep;18(3):132-8. doi: 10.1179/10 6698110X12640740712338.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886423
    Full Text Link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109687/
  21. Sharan D, Ajeesh PS, Jose JA, Debnath S, Manjula M. z Work. 2012;41 Suppl 1:929-32. doi: 10.3233/WOR-2012- 0265-929.
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  22. Gonzalez F, Walton RL, Shafer B, Matory WE Jr, Borah GL. Reduction mammaplasty improves symptoms of macromastia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993 Jun;91(7):1270-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8497527 — Novak CB. Conservtive management of TOS. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996;8:201–207.
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  23. TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofLaborOSHARecommendationsforSittingandWorkstations
    Full Text Link https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/
  24. Broadbent S1, Rousseau JJ, Thorp RM, Choate SL, Jackson FS, Rowlands DS. Vibration therapy reduces plasma IL6 and muscle soreness after downhill running. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Sep;44(12):888-94. doi: 10.1136/ bjsm.2008.052100. Epub 2008 Sep 23.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18812416
  25. Lindgren KA. Conservative treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: a 2-year follow-up. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997 Apr;78(4):373-8.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9111456/
  26. Smith KF. The thoracic outlet syndrome: a protocol of treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1979;1:89–99.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18810186
  27. Dobrusin R. An osteopathic approach to conservative management of thoracic outlet syndromes. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1989 Aug;89(8):1046-50, 1053-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2670857
  28. Brismée JM, Phelps V, Sizer PS. Differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic neck and upper trapezius pain and upper extremity paresthesia: a case study involving the management of an elevated first rib and uncovertebral joint dysfunction. J Man Manip Ther 2005;13:79–90.
    Full Text Link https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/106698105790825003

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CHAPTER 14 – REFERENCES

  1. Vanti C1, Natalini L, Romeo A, Tosarelli D, Pillastrini P. Conservitive Treatment Of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome- A review of the literature Eura Medicophys. 2007 Mar;43(1):55-70. Epub 2006 Sep 24.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16955064
  2. PEET RM, HENRIKSEN JD, ANDERSON TP, MARTIN GM. Thoracic-outlet syndrome: evaluation of a therapeutic exercise program. Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1956 May 2;31(9):281-7.
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  3. Revel M, Amor B. [Rehabilitation of cervico-thoraco-brachial outlet syndromes]. Phlebologie. 1983 Apr- Jun;36(2):157-65.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867126
  4. Bouchet JY, Richaud C, Franco A. Le syndrome de la traversée thoraco-brachiale et sa rééducation. Ann Kinesitherapie 1984;11:83-8
    Full Text Link http://www.sfre.org/sfre/professionnels/news_traversee_thoraco_brachiale
  5. Crielaard JM, Reginster JY, Beaujean M, Constant C, Kessel F, Cordier E, Franchimont P. [Physical medicine and rehabilitation in the treatment of cervico-scapulo-thoracic disorders]. Acta Belg Med Phys. 1986 Oct- Dec;9(4):303-8.
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  6. Marinoni EC. La sindrome dello stretto toracico superiore: proposta di un protocollo diagnostico alla luce della revisione della casis- tica. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1987;8:391-8.
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  7. Sucher BM1. Thoracic outlet syndrome–a myofascial variant: Part 2. Treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1990 Sep;90(9):810-2, 817-23.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2211196
  8. Sucher BM, Heath DM. Thoracic outlet syndrome–a myofascial variant: Part 3. Structural and postural considerations. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1993 Mar;93(3):334, 340-5.
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  9. Mackinnon SE1, Novak CB. Clinical commentary: pathogenesis of cumulative trauma disorder. J Hand Surg Am. 1994 Sep;19(5):873-83.
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  10. Novak CB1, Collins ED, Mackinnon SE. Outcome following conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome J Hand Surg Am. 1995 Jul;20(4):542-8.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7594276
  11. Novak CB1, Mackinnon SE. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996 Oct;27(4):747-62.
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  12. Novak CB1. Thoracic outlet syndrome. Clin Plast Surg. 2003 Apr;30(2):175-88.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737351
  13. Lindgren KA1, Manninen H, Rytkönen H. Thoracic outlet syndrome–a functional disturbance of the thoracic upper aperture? Muscle Nerve. 1995 May;18(5):526-30.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7739640
  14. Mayoux-Benhamou MA1, Rahali-Khachlof H, Revel M. [Rehabilitation in thoracic outlet syndrome]. Rev Med Interne. 1999 Sep;20 Suppl 5:497S-499S.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10573744
  15. Boissonnot P, Roubieu A. [Criticisms of the Peet gymnastics. Proposal of a new exercise program for the patient] Rev Med Interne 1999;20 Suppl 5:500S-5S. French.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10573745
  16. Farfan HF. The thoracic spine and the “tired neck syndrome”. In Giles LGF, Singer KP, editors. The clinical anatomy and management of thoracic spine pain. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann; 2000.p. 171-6
  17. Schomacher J. Ortopädische Manuelle Therapie beim Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Krankengymnastik 1996;48:153-6, 158, 160.
  18. Prost A. Place de la Kinésithérapie dans le traitement du syndrome de la traversée thoraco-brachiale. Kinésithérapie Scientifique 1990;288:5-22.
  19. Kenny RA1, Traynor GB, Withington D, Keegan DJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a useful exercise treatment option. Am J Surg. 1993 Feb;165(2):282-4.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8427413
  20. Scola RH1, Werneck LC, Iwamoto FM, Maegawa GH, Faoro LN, Caldeira FH. [True neurogenic outlet syndrome: report of 2 cases]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 1999 Sep;57(3A):659-65.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10667293
  21. Balci AE1, Balci TA, Cakir O, Eren S, Eren MN. Surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome: effect and results of surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003 Apr;75(4):1091-6; discussion 1096.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12683543
  22. Dubuisson A1, Foidart-Dessalle M, Cohnen A, Zeimetz C. [Thoracic outlet syndrome]. Rev Med Liege. 2001 Feb;56(2):97-105. [Article in French]
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294056
  23. Caparrelli DJ, Freischlag J. A unified approach to axillosubclavian venous thrombosis in a single hospital admission. Semin Vasc Surg 2005;18:153–7
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  24. Sanders R.J., Hammond S.L., Rao N.M. Thoracic outlet syndrome: A review. Neurologist. 2008;14:365–373. doi: 10.1097/NRL.0b013e318176b98d.
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  25. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brismée JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical management. J Man Manip Ther. 2010 Sep;18(3):132-8. doi: 10.1179/10 6698110X12640740712338.
    Abstract http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886423
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  27. Takeuchi T1, Duszkiewicz AJ, Morris RG. The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis: encoding, storage and persistence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013 Dec 2;369(1633):20130288. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0288. Print 2014 Jan 5.
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  28. Wishchuk JR, Dougherty CR. Therapy after thoracic outlet release. Hand Clin 2004;20:87–90.
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CHAPTER 15 – REFERENCES

  1. Balon MB. Thumb and Wrist Symptoms of Manipulative Therapists [thesis]. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Lincoln Institute,1984 :40.
  2. Jensen JB. Stress and Joint Symptoms Survey Related to Work Environment of Physiotherapists and Manipulative Therapists [thesis]. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: La Trobe University,1983 :23
  3. Neville T and Rivett D (1985): A survey of thumb pain and dysfunction amongst manipulative therapists in N.S.W. Unpublished research project submitted as part of a Graduate Diploma in Manipulative Therapy at Cumberland College of Health Sciences. University of Sydney, Australia.
  4. Caragianis S. The prevalence of occupational injuries among hand therapists in Australia and New Zealand. J Hand Ther. 2002 Jul-Sep;15(3):234-41.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12206326
  5. Albert WJ1, Currie-Jackson N, Duncan CA. A survey of musculoskeletal injuries amongst Canadian massage therapists. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2008 Jan;12(1):86-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 May 10.
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  6. Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists: Prevalence, severity, risks, and responses. Phys Ther. 2000;80:336–351.
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  7. Power H, Flemming H. Work-related thumb pain in manipulative physiotherapists – an Irish survey. Physiother Ireland. 2007;28:51–57.
  8. Snodgrass SJ1, Rivett DA, Chiarelli P, Bates AM, Rowe LJ. Factors related to thumb pain in physiotherapists. Aust J Physiother. 2003;49(4):243-50.
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  9. Wajon A, Ada L. Prevalence of pain in physical therapists practicing spinal manipulative therapy. J Hand Ther. 2003;16(2003):237–244.
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  10. West DJ, Gardner D. Occupational injuries of physiotherapists in North and Central Queensland. Aust J Physiother. 2001;47:179–186. [PubMed]
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